EFEK BERHENTI MEROKOK TERHADAP GEJALA KECEMASAN DAN DEPRESI PADA ORANG DEWASA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/zwh34604Keywords:
Berhenti Merokok, Depresi, Kecemasan, Kesehatan Mental, Orang DewasaAbstract
Merokok tidak hanya berdampak pada kesehatan fisik, tetapi juga berkaitan dengan kesehatan mental, sementara kekhawatiran bahwa berhenti merokok dapat memperburuk kecemasan dan depresi masih menjadi hambatan penghentian merokok. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai efek berhenti merokok terhadap gejala kecemasan dan depresi pada orang dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain systematic review dengan penelusuran literatur melalui PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar pada publikasi tahun 2016–2026. Kriteria inklusi mencakup penelitian primer kuantitatif pada perokok dewasa berusia ≥18 tahun yang mengevaluasi penghentian merokok dan melaporkan perubahan gejala kecemasan dan/atau depresi menggunakan instrumen tervalidasi. Dari 480 studi yang teridentifikasi, 15 studi duplikat dihapus sehingga 465 studi diseleksi berdasarkan judul dan abstrak. Sebanyak 292 studi dieksklusi, 173 artikel ditelusuri untuk teks lengkap, dan 109 tidak dapat diakses sehingga 64 artikel ditelaah. Setelah eksklusi lebih lanjut, 10 studi memenuhi kriteria dan disintesis secara naratif. Sebagian besar studi menunjukkan bahwa berhenti merokok berkaitan dengan penurunan gejala kecemasan dan depresi, terutama pada abstinensia jangka menengah hingga panjang. Tidak ditemukan bukti bahwa berhenti merokok memperburuk kesehatan mental. Intervensi penghentian merokok yang disertai dukungan psikologis juga menunjukkan manfaat terhadap keberhasilan abstinensia dan kesehatan mental. Namun, heterogenitas desain, populasi, instrumen, dan lama tindak lanjut membatasi perbandingan langsung antarstudi secara hasil. Temuan ini mendukung integrasi layanan penghentian merokok dengan skrining dan dukungan kesehatan mental dalam praktik klinis berbasis bukti.
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