EFEKTIVITAS TELEHEALTH KEPERAWATAN NEUROLOGI TERHADAP PEMULIHAN FUNGSIONAL PASIEN PASCA-STROKE AKUT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/2gyzjm64Keywords:
Keperawatan Neurologi, Stroke Pasca-Akut, TelehealthAbstract
Stroke merupakan penyebab utama disabilitas jangka panjang di seluruh dunia, sehingga rehabilitasi berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan pemulihan fungsional setelah fase akut. Telehealth menjadi pendekatan inovatif untuk meningkatkan akses dan kontinuitas perawatan keperawatan neurologis, namun bukti efektivitasnya dalam rehabilitasi pasca-stroke akut masih terfragmentasi. Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas intervensi telehealth keperawatan neurologi dalam meningkatkan pemulihan fungsional pasien pasca-stroke akut. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA 2020 pada lima basis data, yaitu PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, dan Wiley Online Library, terhadap studi yang diterbitkan tahun 2020–2025. Kualitas metodologi dan risiko bias dinilai menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Dari 1.284 catatan yang diidentifikasi, 10 studi dengan desain randomized controlled trials, kuasi-eksperimental, kohort, dan controlled clinical trials dimasukkan dalam sintesis kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan telehealth secara signifikan meningkatkan aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari (ADL) (SMD = 0,45; CI 95% 0,12–0,78) dan memberikan hasil fungsional sebanding dengan rehabilitasi konvensional, terutama pada program terstruktur selama 12 minggu. Intervensi yang dipimpin perawat juga meningkatkan kepatuhan obat, pemantauan faktor risiko, dan keterlibatan pengasuh. Telehealth keperawatan neurologi berpotensi menjadi strategi komplementer untuk mendukung pemulihan fungsional dan kontinuitas perawatan, meskipun heterogenitas intervensi memerlukan kehati-hatian dalam generalisasi.
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