STIMULASI PSIKOSOSIAL DALAM MENCAPAI TUGAS PERKEMBANGAN EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR PADA LANSIA: LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/8z72st74Keywords:
Integritas Ego, Intervensi Psikososial, LansiaAbstract
Lansia berada pada tahap perkembangan ego integrity versus despair, tetapi bukti tentang intervensi stimulasi psikososial yang mendukung capaian tersebut belum terangkum secara utuh. Mengidentifikasi bentuk intervensi stimulasi psikososial (format, durasi, dan media) pada lansia serta hasilnya terhadap ego integrity dan despair sebagai luaran utama, beserta luaran pendukungnya. literatur dengan pencarian terstruktur (structured literature review) pada Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Sage Journals untuk artikel berbahasa Indonesia, Inggris, dan Korea tahun 2021–2026; pencarian terakhir dilakukan pada 20 Oktober 2026. Dari 1.019 artikel, enam studi dianalisis secara naratif. Alur seleksi dilaporkan dengan PRISMA 2020 dan kekuatan bukti dipetakan secara deskriptif. Studi berasal dari Indonesia (2), Korea Selatan, Belanda, Australia, dan Ghana (masing-masing 1) dengan 14–75 lansia. Intervensi berupa Terapi Kelompok Terapeutik, reminiscence digital dan drama, intervensi naratif spiritual, dan telehealth dignity therapy; empat studi berformat kelompok dan dua individual, dengan 3,7–12 sesi berdurasi 40–60 menit pada studi yang melaporkannya. Dari lima studi kuantitatif, tiga melaporkan peningkatan ego integrity atau integritas diri yang signifikan (hanya satu dengan kelompok kontrol), satu tidak menguji secara statistik, dan satu belum signifikan; despair menurun pada satu studi. Luaran pendukung membaik pada sebagian studi. Intervensi stimulasi psikososial berbasis kisah hidup berpotensi mendukung ego integrity pada lansia, tetapi bukti yang terbatas belum cukup untuk menetapkan efek kausal serta format, durasi, dan dosis yang paling efektif. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu uji acak terkontrol dengan pengukuran despair yang terpisah.
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