Hubungan Faktor Risiko dengan Kejadian Hipoglikemia Neonatus: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/6xg66g44Keywords:
Neonatal hypoglycemia, Risk factors, Prematurity, Maternal diabetesAbstract
Neonatal hypoglycemia is a metabolic disorder that may occur during the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. Its occurrence is more frequent among neonates with specific maternal, neonatal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions, although findings vary according to population, hypoglycemia definition, timing of glucose measurement, and clinical setting. This literature review aimed to identify risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia based on publications from 2022 to 2026. Literature was searched exclusively through PubMed Central (PMC) using combinations of the terms neonatal hypoglycemia, risk factors, associated factors, predictors, maternal diabetes, prematurity, low birth weight, feeding, hypothermia, and respiratory distress. Studies were selected according to publication year, full-text availability, neonatal population, relevance to risk factors, and free accessibility. Findings were synthesized descriptively and narratively without PRISMA. The reviewed literature indicates that prematurity, small for gestational age or impaired fetal growth, maternal or gestational diabetes, hypothermia, sepsis, perinatal stress, selected delivery-related factors, and delayed breastfeeding are repeatedly associated with neonatal hypoglycemia. Nevertheless, associations are not consistent across all populations. Identification of high-risk neonates, appropriate glucose monitoring, prevention of hypothermia, and support for early breastfeeding are important components of neonatal nursing care.
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References
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