Penerapan Social Learning Theory dalam Promosi Layanan Akupunktur dan Kaitannya dengan Ketertarikan Masyarakat: Studi Cross-Sectional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/ynw0jk15Keywords:
Social Learning Theory, promosi kesehatan, akupunktur, observasi, modeling, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan.Abstract
Latar Belakang Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan layanan, tetapi juga oleh pengetahuan, persepsi, pengalaman, serta pengaruh lingkungan sosial. Akupunktur sebagai salah satu pelayanan kesehatan komplementer memiliki potensi untuk mendukung penanganan berbagai kondisi kesehatan, tetapi pemanfaatannya di masyarakat masih memerlukan strategi promosi kesehatan yang mampu memengaruhi proses pembentukan perilaku. Social Learning Theory menjelaskan bahwa perilaku dapat dipelajari melalui proses observasi terhadap orang lain, imitasi, dan modeling. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada masyarakat di Kabupaten Aceh Besar pada juli 2026. 50 responden dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner berbasis konstruk SLT yang meliputi observasi, imitasi, dan modeling serta variabel ketertarikan menggunakan pelayanan akupunktur. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact pada tingkat kemaknaan α=0,05. Analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan Firth Penalized Logistic Regression. Hasil Sebanyak 35 responden (70,0%) memiliki skor total SLT ≥ mean dan 46 responden (92,0%). Pada analisis bivariat, observasi tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan ketertarikan (p=0,337), sedangkan imitasi menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (Chi-Square p=0,004; Fisher Exact p=0,010). Modeling menunjukkan hubungan signifikan berdasarkan Chi-Square (p=0,037). Secara keseluruhan, skor total SLT berhubungan signifikan dengan ketertarikan berdasarkan Fisher Exact (p=0,006). Analisis Firth menunjukkan bahwa imitasi merupakan prediktor independen yang signifikan terhadap ketertarikan (β=4,598; OR=99,303; 95% CI=1,703–5.790,642; p=0,027), sedangkan observasi (p=0,059) dan modeling (p=0,088) tidak menunjukkan hubungan independen yang signifikan. Kesimpulan Penerapan Social Learning Theory secara keseluruhan berhubungan dengan ketertarikan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan akupunktur. Konstruk imitasi merupakan komponen yang paling konsisten dan menjadi prediktor independen yang signifikan setelah dikontrol bersama observasi dan modeling. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi promosi pelayanan akupunktur dapat mempertimbangkan mekanisme pembelajaran sosial, khususnya melalui pengalaman, contoh perilaku, dan proses peniruan dalam lingkungan sosial masyarakat.
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