Penicillin G Acylase sebagai Biokatalis Dalam Sintesis Enzimatis Antibiotik Beta-Laktam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/f0qvk858Keywords:
Penicillin G acylase, antibiotik beta-laktam, biokatalis, sintesis enzimatis, imobilisasi enzimAbstract
Antibiotik $\beta$-laktam banyak digunakan dalam terapi infeksi bakteri, namun produksi kimiawinya menghasilkan limbah tinggi dan menggunakan bahan berbahaya. Penicillin G acylase (PGA) menjadi biokatalis kunci untuk hidrolisis penisilin G menjadi asam 6-aminopenisilanat (6-APA) serta sintesis antibiotik semisintetik seperti ampisilin dan amoksisilin. Kajian literatur ilmiah 2015–2025 ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik, mekanisme katalitik, dan strategi peningkatan kinerja PGA dalam sintesis enzimatis antibiotik $\beta$-laktam. Hasil studi menunjukkan kinerja PGA dapat ditingkatkan melalui rekayasa protein, evolusi terarah, imobilisasi enzim, rekayasa media reaksi dengan kosolven organik, serta integrasi kristalisasi reaktif secara in situ. Selain PGA, $\alpha$-amino ester hydrolase (AEH) berpotensi sebagai biokatalis alternatif, khususnya pada sintesis sefaleksin. Pengembangan PGA yang efisien dan stabil mendukung produksi antibiotik $\beta$-laktam yang berkelanjutan, ramah lingkungan, serta mengurangi ketergantungan bahan baku obat impor.
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