KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM ORGANISASI KESEHATAN: GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, KINERJA ORGANISASI, DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI – A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/dyp19574Keywords:
kepemimpinan, organisasi kesehatan, gaya kepemimpinan, budaya organisasi, kinerja organisasi.Abstract
Organisasi kesehatan merupakan lingkungan kerja yang kompleks karena melibatkan berbagai profesi, kebutuhan pasien, tuntutan mutu, perkembangan teknologi, serta dinamika organisasi. Dalam kondisi tersebut, kepemimpinan tidak hanya berkaitan dengan posisi formal seorang pimpinan, tetapi juga dengan kemampuan membangun hubungan kerja, mengarahkan tim, menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung, dan membantu organisasi beradaptasi. Literature review ini bertujuan mengkaji gaya kepemimpinan dalam organisasi kesehatan serta hubungannya dengan kinerja dan budaya organisasi berdasarkan 20 artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2025–2026. Hasil kajian menunjukkan beragam pendekatan kepemimpinan, meliputi transformational, authentic, adaptive, inclusive, servant, integral, participative, platform, dan value-oriented leadership. Meskipun memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda, berbagai pendekatan tersebut memiliki unsur yang beririsan, terutama komunikasi, kepercayaan, pemberdayaan, partisipasi, dukungan, dan kemampuan beradaptasi. Kepemimpinan berkaitan dengan berbagai outcome pada tingkat individu maupun organisasi, seperti kinerja tenaga kesehatan, inovasi, kepuasan kerja, retensi, keselamatan pasien, dan kualitas pelayanan. Namun, hubungan tersebut tidak selalu bersifat langsung. Budaya organisasi, lingkungan kerja, psychological empowerment, work engagement, serta hubungan antara pemimpin dan staf muncul sebagai mekanisme yang membantu menjelaskan hubungan kepemimpinan dengan outcome organisasi. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas kepemimpinan dalam organisasi kesehatan bersifat kontekstual. Oleh karena itu, kepemimpinan lebih tepat dipahami sebagai proses adaptif dan relasional yang memungkinkan tenaga kesehatan bekerja, berkembang, berkolaborasi, dan berkontribusi terhadap tujuan organisasi.
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