KONSEP DAN PRINSIP MANAJEMEN MUTU DALAM PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PROGRAM KESEHATAN: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/5hvgrp04Keywords:
manajemen mutu, quality improvement, program kesehatan, continuous improvement, patient safety, leadership.Abstract
Manajemen mutu dalam bidang kesehatan tidak lagi cukup dipahami sebagai upaya memastikan pelayanan sesuai standar. Mutu menjadi bagian dari cara organisasi merencanakan, menjalankan, mengevaluasi, dan memperbaiki program secara berkelanjutan. Literature review ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep dan prinsip manajemen mutu serta keterkaitannya dengan peningkatan kualitas program kesehatan berdasarkan 20 artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2026. Artikel yang ditelaah meliputi penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif, studi implementasi, studi kasus organisasi, systematic review, scoping review, umbrella review, artikel konseptual, dan editorial ilmiah. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa manajemen mutu dibangun oleh delapan prinsip utama, yaitu fokus pada pengguna layanan, kepemimpinan, keterlibatan tenaga kesehatan, pendekatan sistem dan proses, standardisasi, pengambilan keputusan berbasis data, keselamatan, dan perbaikan berkelanjutan. Berbagai pendekatan seperti Plan-Do-Study-Act, Lean Six Sigma, quality improvement collaboratives, akreditasi, High Reliability Organization, systems leadership, dan improvement science memperlihatkan cara berbeda untuk mencapai tujuan yang sama, yaitu membangun organisasi kesehatan yang mampu belajar, beradaptasi, dan mempertahankan hasil perbaikan. Dengan demikian, manajemen mutu perlu ditempatkan sebagai bagian dari keseluruhan siklus pengelolaan program kesehatan, bukan sebagai kegiatan penilaian yang berhenti setelah target atau standar tertentu tercapai.
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