Batasan Kebutuhan Digital Sebagai Nafkah dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the limitations of family maintenance (nafkah) in the digital era and examine the perspective of maqashid shariah in determining digital needs as part of family maintenance. This research employs a normative juridical method using approaches to Islamic law and Indonesian family law, particularly the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), through literature and document studies. The data are analyzed qualitatively by examining the legal norms governing maintenance and their relevance to the development of family needs in the digital era. The findings indicate that technological transformation has expanded family needs, making internet access, communication devices, and certain digital devices potentially part of family maintenance when they serve genuine functions in education, employment, communication, health, and family well-being. However, their fulfillment is limited by the husband's economic capacity, the principle of kifayah (sufficiency), reasonableness, and the level of necessity. The perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, through hifz ad-dīn, hifz an-nafs, hifz al-aql, hifz an-nasl, and hifz al-māl, provides a basis for assessing the welfare and necessity of digital needs proportionately. The novelty of this study, distinguishing it from previous research, lies in its formulation of the boundaries of digital family maintenance by integrating actual needs, economic capacity, the principle of kifāyah, urgency-based classification, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as parameters for determining family maintenance in the digital era.