The Relationship Between Diet and Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/f6vhf351Keywords:
Diet, Nutritional status, Third trimester pregnant womenAbstract
The nutritional status of pregnant women is an important factor affecting maternal health and fetal growth. One factor that plays a role in determining nutritional status during pregnancy is diet. An unbalanced diet can increase the risk of nutritional disorders in pregnant women, especially in the third trimester when nutritional needs increase. This study aims to analyze the relationship between diet and the nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at the Helen Tarigan Clinic in January 2026. The study sample consisted of 43 pregnant women in the third trimester selected using a total sampling technique. Dietary data were obtained through questionnaires, while nutritional status was assessed based on anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 95%. Most respondents were aged 20–35 years (74.4%), had a high school education (46.5%), worked as housewives (60.5%), and were multigravida (58.1%). Pregnant women with good dietary habits were more likely to have good nutritional status (48.8%), while those with poor dietary habits were more likely to have poor nutritional status (25.6%). Chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between dietary habits and nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester (p=0.003). Dietary habits were significantly associated with nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester. Implementing a good dietary habit can help maintain optimal nutritional status during pregnancy.
Downloads
References
Arlym, L. T., Rukmaini, R., & Mahmudah, E. S. (2025). Analysis of Dietary Patterns on the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Depok City, West Java. JNKI (Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia) (Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery). https://doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2025.13(4).523-538
Asferie, W. N., Kassaw, A., Kefale, D., Kebede, S. D., Azmeraw, M., Ayenew, Y. E., & Aytenew, T. M. (2025). Association Between Maternal Undernutrition During Pregnancy and Newborn Low Birth Weight in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 21. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70040
Chakona, G., & Shackleton, C. (2019). Food Taboos and Cultural Beliefs Influence Food Choice and Dietary Preferences among Pregnant Women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Nutrients, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112668
Diddana, T. Z. (2019). Factors Associated with Dietary Practice and Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Dessie Town, Northeastern Ethiopia: a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2649-0
Febiana, C. E., Siregar, N., Astuti, D. R., & Jasmawati, J. (2024). Impact of Maternal Nutritional Status on Anemia in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak. https://doi.org/10.29238/kia.v18i1.2217
Fikadu, T., Tamiru, D., & Ademe, B. (2024). Factors Associated with Dietary Patterns (DPS) and Nutritional Status among Pregnant Women in AM-HDSS, South Ethiopia. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1443227
Hanley-Cook, G., Toe, L., Tesfamariam, K., De Kok, B., Argaw, A., Compaoré, A., Ouédraogo, M., Dailey-Chwalibóg, T., Kolsteren, P., Lachat, C., & Huybregts, L. (2022). Fortified Balanced Energy-Protein Supplementation, Maternal Anemia, and Gestational Weight Gain: A Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial among Pregnant Women in Rural Burkina Faso. The Journal of Nutrition, 152, 2277-2286. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxac171
Indarti, J., Wonodihardjo, H., Sianipar, K. A., & Antoniman, M. A. (2023). Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.8509
Khammarnia, M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Kakhki, F. G., Clark, C. C. T., & Barahouei, F. B. (2024). Maternal Macronutrient and Energy Intake during Pregnancy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC public health, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17862-x
Lawi, D. A., Blasi, R., Alnimer, M., & Ghazzaw, H. (2023). Assessment of Dietary Consumption in a Group of Pregnant Women at Their Second and Third Trimesters in Amman. Palestinian Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal. https://doi.org/10.59049/2790-0231.1139
Lipoeto, N., Masrul, & Nindrea, R. (2020). Nutritional Contributors to Maternal Anemia in Indonesia: Chronic Energy Deficiency and Micronutrients. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 29 Suppl 1. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202012_29(s1).0002
Madzorera, I., Isanaka, S., Wang, M., Msamanga, G., Urassa, W., Hertzmark, E., Duggan, C., & Fawzi, W. (2020). Maternal Dietary Diversity and Dietary Quality Scores in Relation to Adverse Birth Outcomes in Tanzanian Women. The American journal of clinical nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_103
Mitran, A.-M., Popa, A., Gherasim, A., Niță, O., Mihalache, L., Arhire, L., Gafițanu, D., Hăncianu, M., & Cioancă, O. (2024). Dietary Patterns of Pregnant Women and Their Association with Diet Quality Measures: A Comparative Analysis. Nutrients, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111736
Mousa, A., Naqash, A., & Lim, S. (2019). Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake during Pregnancy: An Overview of Recent Evidence. Nutrients, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020443
Nansel, T., Cummings, J., Burger, K., Siega-Riz, A., & Lipsky, L. (2022). Greater Ultra-Processed Food Intake during Pregnancy and Postpartum Is Associated with Multiple Aspects of Lower Diet Quality. Nutrients, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193933
O, J. R., A, E. A., & T, I. A. (2023). Nutritional Knowledge and Cultural Food Beliefs on Dietary Practices of Pregnant Women. International Journal of Home Economics, Hospitality and Allied Research. https://doi.org/10.57012/ijhhr.v2n2.012
Perumal, N., & Gernand, A. (2025). Nutrition during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 81, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1159/000541205
Prasad, H., & Sylvester, S. K. (2025). Nutritional Deficiencies and Requirements during Pregnancy. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2025.9112
Saleh, S., & Retnaningsih, R. (2025). Analysis of Nutritional Intake and Economic Status as Risk Factors for Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women at Patilanggio Community Health Center. NAJ Nursing Applied Journal. https://doi.org/10.57213/naj.v3i3.1019
Trees. (2018). The Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Knowledge with the Nutritional Status of Bajo Tribe Pregnant Women in Duruka District, Muna Regency. International Journal of Healthcare Education & Medical Informatics. https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9199.201817
Uwase, A., Nsereko, E., Pillay, N., & Levin, J. (2024). Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in the Southern Province of Rwanda: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study. PLOS ONE, 19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297112
Verger, E., Eymard-Duvernay, S., Bahya-Batinda, D., Hanley-Cook, G., Argaw, A., Becquey, E., Diop, L., Gelli, A., Harris-Fry, H., Kachwaha, S., Kim, S., Nguyen, P. H., Saville, N., Tran, L. M., Zagré, R., Landais, E., Savy, M., Martin-Prével, Y., & Lachat, C. (2023). Defining a Dichotomous Indicator for Population-Level Assessment of Dietary Diversity Among Pregnant Adolescent Girls and Women: A Secondary Analysis of Quantitative 24-h Recalls from Rural Settings in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, India, and Nepal. Current Developments in Nutrition, 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102053
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeni Friska Sinulingga, Endang Sihaloho, Evlindari Sentani Daulay, Ristiani, Titin Sundari Nazara (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
