Faktor Pendukung dan Penghambat Penerapan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Perawat Rumah Sakit Jiwa: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62710/fw5z8y88Keywords:
Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Kinerja Perawat, Rumah Sakit Jiwa, Faktor Pendukung, Faktor PenghambatAbstract
Penerapan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional di rumah sakit jiwa menjadi penting dalam meningkatkan kinerja perawat, yang pada gilirannya berdampak pada kualitas perawatan pasien. Gaya kepemimpinan ini, yang menekankan pada pemberdayaan, motivasi, dan pengembangan individu, diharapkan dapat memperbaiki komunikasi, kolaborasi tim, serta kepuasan kerja perawat. Namun, penerapannya sering dihadapkan pada berbagai faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang memengaruhi keberhasilan implementasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor tersebut dengan melakukan scoping review terhadap literatur yang relevan. Pencarian dilakukan secara sistematis pada basis data seperti PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dengan fokus pada perawat di rumah sakit jiwa, penerapan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, serta faktor-faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat implementasinya. Dari total 2.945 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebelas artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendukung utama meliputi dukungan manajerial yang kuat, pelatihan kepemimpinan yang tepat, dan budaya organisasi yang mendukung. Sementara itu, faktor penghambat meliputi resistensi terhadap perubahan, kurangnya sumber daya, dan ketidakjelasan peran kepemimpinan dalam struktur organisasi. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya penguatan pelatihan kepemimpinan, peningkatan keterlibatan manajerial, dan perbaikan budaya organisasi untuk memaksimalkan penerapan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dalam rumah sakit jiwa.
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